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Hanukkah ( ; ', Tiberian: ', usually spelled , pronounced (:χanuˈka) in Modern Hebrew, (:ˈχanukə) or (:ˈχanikə) in Yiddish; a transliteration also romanized as Chanukah or Ḥanukah) is a Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the Holy Temple (the Second Temple) in Jerusalem at the time of the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire. Hanukkah is observed for eight nights and days, starting on the 25th day of Kislev according to the Hebrew calendar, which may occur at any time from late November to late December in the Gregorian calendar. It is also known as the Festival of Lights and the Feast of Dedication. The festival is observed by the kindling of the lights of a unique candelabrum, the nine-branched ''menorah'' or ''hanukiah'', one additional light on each night of the holiday, progressing to eight on the final night. The typical menorah consists of eight branches with an additional visually distinct branch. The extra light, with which the others are lit, is called a ''shamash'' ((ヘブライ語:שמש), "attendant")〔Gateway To The Holy Land: "(Hanukkah )." Retrieved on 3 September 2010〕 and is given a distinct location, usually above or below the rest. Other Hanukkah festivities include playing dreidel and eating oil based foods such as doughnuts and latkes. Hanukkah became more widely celebrated beginning from the 1970s, when Rabbi Menachem M. Schneerson called for public awareness and observance of the festival and encouraged the lighting of public menorahs.〔Joshua Eli Plaut, ''A Kosher Christmas: 'Tis the Season to be Jewish''. Rutgers University Press, 2012. Page 167.〕〔Jonathan D. Sarna, (How Hanukkah Came To The White House ). Forward, 2 December 2009.〕〔Joseph Telushkin, ''Rebbe: The Life and Teachings of Menachem M. Schneerson, the Most Influential Rabbi in Modern History''. HarperCollins, 2014. Page 269.〕〔Menachem Posner, (40 Years Later: How the Chanukah Menorah Made It's Way to the Public sphere ). 1 December 2014.〕 Diane Ashton attributed the popularization of Hanukkah by some of the American Jewish community as a way to adapt to American life, because they could celebrate Hannukkah which occurs at around the same time as Christmas.〔 ==Etymology== The name "Hanukkah" derives from the Hebrew verb "", meaning "to dedicate". On Hanukkah, the Maccabean Jews regained control of Jerusalem and rededicated the Temple.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=BBC - Schools - Religion - Judaism )〕〔Being Jewish: The Spiritual and Cultural Practice of Judaism Today, By Ari L. Goldman, Simon and Schuster, pg141〕 Many homiletical explanations have been given for the name: * The name can be broken down into , "() rested (the ) twenty-fifth", referring to the fact that the Jews ceased fighting on the 25th day of Kislev, the day on which the holiday begins.〔Ran Shabbat 9b ()〕 * (Hanukkah) is also the Hebrew acronym for — "Eight candles, and the halakha is like the House of Hillel". This is a reference to the disagreement between two rabbinical schools of thought — the House of Hillel and the House of Shammai — on the proper order in which to light the Hanukkah flames. Shammai opined that eight candles should be lit on the first night, seven on the second night, and so on down to one on the last night (because the miracle was greatest on the first day). Hillel argued in favor of starting with one candle and lighting an additional one every night, up to eight on the eighth night (because the miracle grew in greatness each day). Jewish law adopted the position of Hillel.〔Orthodox Union, (The Lights of Chanukah – Laws and Customs ). 9 April 2014.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hanukkah」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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